The Effect of Indian Reforms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

The Effect of Indian Reforms - Essay ExampleThe Global impact of this change can be assessed from the fact that the Indian thrift is now attracting FDI at an increasing speed and it is offering support to initiation economies through its purchasing causation parity and huge market. The reforms harbor however non yet benefited the entire population and in the interim, the poor-rich inequalities have increased and need to be attended to with speed. Also, the neglected agricultural sector needs to be meliorate as well to give a balance to the reform process and the economy at large. It has been reason that the economy has certainly improved since the reforms were initiated. The days of imperialism and colonialism are pat and in this new age of globalization, the world has veered to the view that all economies are interdependent and that failure of one would have deep repercussion all over the rest. This has brought about a spate of reforms that are suggested or forced upon ailing economies, in the overall fire of the world economy. Theoretically, the choice has been, initiated and led by International Financial Institutions, of a big bang and appall therapy. But this formula is applicable in authoritarian regimes that force them on their economies and countries. The other approach, one that has not been largely favored, is gradual and incremental. This has always been looked upon as slow, unwieldy and risky inasmuch that its decisions can be reversed right away towards status quo on the first signs of failure or strain. India, however, chose the latter method and spread its reforms and the liberalization and globalization process to stretch over almost two decades. In the sixties, it was unimaginable that from a net importer of food, India could fetch an occasional exporter about forty years later. Similarly, a receiver of foreign aid became a donor, change surface if a small one. And, foreign exchange, once the great constraint, would eventually becom e plentiful.

Strategic management of Tesco Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

strategical management of Tesco - Essay ExampleInbound logistics include the receiving, w arehousing, and inventory control of input materials. Superior bring out chain management has always been Tescos core strength. Stockholding and distri exactlyion costs were minimized by forever replenishing stocks. The new Tesco stores were built so as to facilitate reconfiguration (for e.g. walls in the warehousing area could dismantled to energise for additional selling space) and minimum warehousing space. Operations are the value-creating activities that transform the inputs into the final mathematical product. Outbound logistics are the activities required to get the finished product to the customer, including warehousing, order fulfilments, etc. Marketing & Sales are those activities associated with getting buyers to purchase the product, including channel selection, advertising, pricing, etc. Service activities are those that maintain and enhance the products value including custom er support, recompense services, etc. The elements of the value chain described here have been dealt with in the earlier discussion.1.2. Antecedents The first troika letters Tes that form the name Tesco come from the founder Jack Cohens first tea supplier, T. E. Stockwell and the co from his surname - provision chain management has always been prominent in the companys scheme of things. ... They were direct delivery of the supplier to the retail store centralised distribution system for ambient goods to be supplied to regional centres, which began in the 1970s but continued to arise over the years a composite distribution system developed in 1989 and vertical collaboration in the supply chain to achieve better in operation(p) efficiencies. The reconfiguration of distribution and operational strategies helped the company to achieve sustainable hawkish advantage.The companys fortunes changed dramatically during the 1992-2002 decade. The top six retailers in the UK up to 2002 were Tesco, Sainsburys, entre (now Somerfield), Argyll (now Safeway), Asda (acquired by Wal-Mart) and Kwik Save. Tesco was far ahead of its competitors in 2002 with sales worth 15.6 billion - her nearest meet Sainsburys had sales of 6.4 billion. In 2002 W. M. Morrison arrived as a new entrant to the top six claiming a tooshie above Safeway with sales of 3 billion in that year and in the process dislodging Kwik Save.1.3. Strategic challenges The strategic issues that the food retailing industry faced in the last decade of the twentieth century were challenging. As all of them offered - more or less - the same goods it was difficult to create a sustainable competitive advantage over an extended period. The differentiator was to be service and to beat competition businesses had to constantly evolve a process of innovation in their service offering. One of the consequences of this evolving process of innovation was to diversify product offerings that made food retailers move into non- food businesses like clothing, electrical goods, petrol, financial products and insurance apart from

International Accounting Perspectives Coursework

International Accounting Perspectives - Coursework ExampleBeing highly-developed after an international consultation, international pecuniary reporting shopworns are made after a out-of-pocket process. The standards are made through a process that consists of six stages. These entangles setting the agenda, planning the project, developing and plan of attack up with the discussion paper, developing and publishing the exposure draft, developing and publishing the standard and after the standard is issued. One of the major features of international financial standard includes fair presentation and complying with IFRS. This implies that all the transactions mustiness be represented in a faithful manner. The income, expenses, liabilities and assets must be represented as outlined by the IFRS framework. The second feature of International pecuniary Reporting is that it ensures the principle of going on concern. This implies that financial statements must treat a business as a going on concern unless the owners hope to cease trading or liquidate the company. Other key features of International fiscal Reporting include offsetting, frequency of reporting, accrual basis of invoice, materiality, consistency of presentation and comparative information. One of the major goals of International Financial Reporting Standards is to provide guidance for the preparation of financial statement instead of setting rules that an industry is sibylline to follow while it is reporting its financial position. It is worth to note that by use of International Financial Reporting Standards especially by firms operating globally, it is possible to emulate a reporting language that whoremonger be easily understood by auditors and investors. With more than 100 countries requiring all the public companies to apply the IFRS, the accounting policies globally will greatly improve by 2015.International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) was formed in March 2001 in United States as a non profit firm. During the establishment of the organization, the purpose was

The Current Economic Situation Marked by High Unemployment and Low Essay

The Current Economic Situation Marked by High Unemployment and Low Inflation - search ExampleThis essay not further describes current economic situation in the United States that was explored as an example. The current economic situation in the United States of America marred by high unemployment and let loose inflation can ideally be explained with the help of the Philips Curve. As per A W Philips, there existed a relationship surrounded by the levels of unemployment and consequently the tell of kind in money wages and the rate of change in prices and hence inflation. To put it in simple words, as per the Philips Curve, historically speaking, their lies an inverse relationship between Demand Pull Inflation and the rate of unemployment. The researcher also provides the reader with some steps, that would not only increase the aggregate demand but would also check the expanding unemployment rate. The Salient Factors that have impacts on the US economy rates, such as The Labor Ma rket, Product Markets and Other Factor Markets are explored in details. The researcher od this essay also discusses and presents some alternate scenarios that say an unemployment rate of 8.8 percent and an inflation rate of 10 percent will not warrant such measures. In such scenario that was discussed, the pragmatic glide path on the part of the government will be to pursue a restrained fiscal and pecuniary policy to contract the supply of money in the markets. In conclusion, it is stated that in the current scenario covering high unemployment and low inflation, it is advisable that the government pursues an expansionary fiscal and monetary policy.

Some Like it Hot the movie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Some Like it Hot the movie - Essay eventThis is how the gangster figure maintains his mystique and aura of fear. When Spats Colombo does appear in front of the camera he is super well groomed, and has a cold, aloof expression. His name, and his evident desire to keep his white shoes clean, are juiceless touches, because they show an obsession with external appearances, while the audience knows that underneath this suave and highly groomed outside(prenominal) there is a much darker criminal personality.Sugar Kane likewise has a significant name, which in this effect emphasizes her sweetness, but when Joe and Jerry meet her, she explains that her real name is Kowalczyk. This shows that she is not all that she appears to be. Her sweetness is real but she exudes a siren power. Even her weakness for alcohol is given a sexual connotation when she takes her flask from her garter, magnanimous the boys, who are dressed as girls, full view of her legs. The film plays with the intimacy of girls sharing private blank space together, and there is humor in the way that scenes which would be innocent and pure between girls alone together, frame piquant and tense when the boys are in drag.In their own specific ways, Spats Columbo and Sugar Kane oppose extremes of masculinity and femininity in Prohibition America. The trick of drag acting calls these stereotypes into question and makes the radical rank that men and women can find love in the ambiguous space between genders. The film shows that this is a better, and much funnier, way than the traditional confines of gender

Human Resource Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human Resource Interview - Essay ExampleThis is in a period of play to excite a point where employees can be recruited, selected, trained, and given the necessary guidelines to pursue their responsibilities. This paper summarizes an converse I conducted with Kevin Warns the HR omnibus of Wabash Valley Power Association (Price, 2011). Kevin Warns is the Human Resource (HR) manager at Wabash Valley Power Association which has its headquarters at Terre Haute, inch. Kevin lives in within Delaw are, Indiana with his family and his address is Delaware, Indiana 569034-001 and phone number is (302) 654-0000. He can be reached through the office email address kevinwabashvalley.org as the human imagingfulness manager who has been with the company for the past 5 years. Kevin involvement in human resource development stems from various companies and he has eleven years of experience, Wabash Valley offers wholesale circulation of power in 28 cooperatives within Indiana, Illinois among othe rs. Kevin duties and responsibilities include ensuring that Wabash Valley Power Association generates efficient programs that enhance the reputation of its employees. This means direction on ensuring that Wabash Valley employees grow the right skills, attitude and expertise to complete their jobs efficiently. This means that he coordinates recruiting, choice and hiring employees while at the same time training as well as guiding them to process their duties efficiently. It is his duty in coordination with the training manager to evaluate, monitor, and counsel employees so that they can achieve their full potential. In addition, he takes the responsibility of ensuring the employees are working in a safe and secure environment. This means guaranteeing that they have the right tools and equipment necessary for completing their tasks efficiently (Price, 2011). Kevin has the role of creating compensation plans, appreciation policies, direct compensation, and reward as well as punishme nt. It is imperative to deal with job-related accidents, employment lawsuits, and any unresolved conflicts among employees. Kevin uses his tools and abilities to foster growth in employees within the company. For instance, he condensees on encouraging employees to maximize the level of sales using training procedures, enhancing particular date levels, and sending focused workers to educational seminars. It is clear from the interview that Kevin preserves management procedures by, modernizing, and endorsing human resource polices that have the potential to accomplish goals of Wabash Valley. Kevin indicated that he participates in team effort to complete result oriented duties that are essential to the company (Sims, 2007). Kevin argues that HR manager requires various competencies, skills and knowledge to successfully achieve human resource development, the first competence is having knowledge of the business and its operations. It is paramount for HR to realize the business strate gy, how the business generates money, proficient practices involved, and organization potential among others. The HR manager ought to have understanding of various business fields ilk finance, marketing, Information Technology, operations and management. Kevin suggests that HR director should have awareness of Best Practices necessary to deliver theatrical role services. In this way, continuous process of enhancing expertise in their filed and awareness of high tech best practices in recruiting, development, compensation, performance execution among other HR duties. Kevin emphasizes the need to deliver exceptional skills of people management and focus in a bid to take the business to its next level (Price, 2011). In addition, Kevin indicates that HR manager must have the capability to change management skills in a flexible manner.

Leadership Profile Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leadership Profile - Research Paper Example different factors that determine the strength of a leader include personal traits such as personality, ability to cope members along, motivate them, guide them, instruct them and help them wherever need be.The nature of work is relevant to the gross sales trouble. Sales management is such an area where leadership is of immense importance and it pays direct dividends to the general management process. Leader has a special role in this domain in order to maintain dear relationship between the customers and the employees employed to monitor the performance of customer care and sales processes.Leader has a multi faceted role, they are not only to ensure that they perform their roles properly, rather they should also ensure that the members and employees now underneath him should perform the roles in desired manner.Strengths include total participation, cooperation, full time availability and share-out of knowledge on regular basis. Impart ing what is best worthy to the situation and also what is best suited to the employees work is strength of a good leader.The style adopted for leadership is that of authoritative, where permit is vested in self. This authority is used to the best interests of the organization and members, along with the consideration of the best interests of the customers, by ensuring to provide them with the best work that may be possible.Areas of improvement include more than participation, a little more flexibility and maybe addition of one or more styles of leadership, for example a participative form of leadership as intumesce as stick and carrot approach may help yielding further improved outputs from the overall sales management sector.Participatory and appreciative form of leadership is the most desired, since each of them brings the right lovable of fruit. Appreciative methods of leadership enables the employees working and thinking out of the box and as a result more chances of inno vation, which not only helps the

STAT Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

STAT - Speech or Presentation ExampleThe miserly credit entry card debt among households in sensation rural area is $8400. A hypothesis probe is to be performed to decide whether the mean credit card debt for households in the formerly affluent town of Rich-No-More differs from the mean credit card debt for the stateAt one school, in 2005, the average amount of time that tenth-graders spent reflexion television to each one week was 21.6 hours. The principal introduced a campaign to encourage the students to watch less television. One year later, in 2006, the principal performed a hypothesis test to determine whether the average amount of time spent watching television per week had decreased. The hypotheses areA correct stopping point would occur if, in fact, = 21.6 hours, and the results of the sampling do not lead to rejection of that fact or if, in fact, A correct decision would occur if, in fact, = 21.6 hours, and the results of the sampling do not lead to rejection of that fact or if, in fact, A correct decision would occur if, in fact, = 21.6 hours, and the results of the sampling lead to rejection of the null hypothesis or if, in fact, A warning mean, sample size, and population standard deviation are given. Use the one-mean z-test to perform the required hypothesis test about the mean, , of the population from which the sample was drawn.A researcher wishes to estimate the proportion of people within a certain population who are in favor of a national health care system. concord a sample size that will ensure a margin of error of at about 0.01 for a 95% confidence interval.A nationwide study of American homeowners revealed that 65% have one or more lawn mowers. A lawn equipment

Luxury and convenience commodities Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Luxury and convenience commodities - Assignment Example promptly the building up of the habit to agnise access to such convenience proceedss happens to cite different alternatives or substitutes of such products to the consumer. The consumer of convenience products in addition to building up a relationship with the product family line also run aways to hypothesise a passion for a certain brand relating to the same. However in absence seizure of the specific brand of such convenience product the consumer in the light of other possible alternatives tends to much switch over to other available brands. Hence the vendor of the brand of such convenience product needs to develop strategies to attract and sustain the consumers of such products in the global marketplace. The marketer needs to foster understand that the total gamut of convenience products available in the marketplace can be generally sub-divided into leash parts alike Staple, Impulse and Emergency. Staple type of co nvenience products are refereed to such that tend to reflect a very expectant availability in the market like grocery commodities and even merchandises like petrol and diesel. Again public convenience products are categorized as being Impulse type where the consumers tend to get largely impulsive in gaining the same from market outlets. Thus commodities like chewing gum or chocolates are categorized as impulsive buys for they do not involve greater bill of planning. Similarly regarding Emergency products like safety aids, bandages and other repair and maintenance utilities and even medicines consumers desire to gain ready access to such in times of sudden needs. Thus in all the one-third categories of Convenience products it is observed that people procure such by chances or in needful situations thereby spending less time in planning and taking decisions (Baines, Fill and Page, 2011, p.294-295). Like convenience products where the marketer must focus on making every possible a ttempt to enhance the brand sensory faculty of the same with the targeted consumers to reduce the chances of switching over to other lower price alternatives strategies are also unavoidable to be in place for luxury or high priced merchandises. Consumers of luxury or high-priced products would not go for availing the same without rendering adequate planning. Consumers on the other hand would require gaining a large amount of information relating to the same before finally deciding on to purchase it from the market. Information gained easily would help the purchaser in making adequate plans to gain the same. Thus herein the marketer is involve to reinstate the benefits and advantages related to the brand of such luxury product in question to effectively cajole and sustain the attraction of the person to the particular brand (Baines, Fill and Page, 2011, p.296). Management of Online Branding Activities for Luxury and Convenience Products With the development of internet and possi bly of social networking platforms the marketing activities of producers and marketers of both convenience and luxury commodities have gained cold flung changes. Marketers of such products have come to acknowledge the fact that the emergence of internet has contributed to the birth of a global marketplace wherein a large number of consumers and buyers are found to mutually exist for different categories of products. herein the online marketer in order to

Literature Review - Marketing of luxury cars depending on affinity

- Marketing of extravagance railway cars depending on affinity groups in America and The Middle East - Literature review ExampleIn baseball club to analyze the learning style, four vital tests have been used which are Myers-Briggs test, Belbin test, sweeten & Mumford test and VARK depth psychology. From the analysis of Myers-Briggs test I have found that I ingest the ENFJ learning style. The results of Belbin test depict that in team environment I act as plant, resource investigator and shaper. On the other hand, the Honey & Mumford test depict that I am activist and pragmatist learner. Finally outcome, of VARK analysis suggest that I favor visual and kinaesthetic learning style. The assignment also describes about the transferrable skill I possess and how these skills can be used in my career.The discussion in Part B of the assignment elaborates on the current food market trends witnessed in relation to the luxury car market around the world. Contextually, it argues that despi te the fig out in the demand of luxury cars across the globe, the American car market has witnessed significant fall in the production of luxury cars. Additionally, America is considered to be the home of diverse culture, owing to which, the luxury car market in the nation can be observed as significantly influenced by the Hispanic population. Hence, marketers of luxury cars have currently been involved in attracting reasonable Hispanic population towards their respective luxury car brands. On the other hand, luxury car markets in the Middle East have been flourishing at much greater speed due to the rise in the level of disposable income as rise up as due to the improvements in the roadway transportation facilities. The findings obtained through this study further reveals in this think that the marketing strategy related with luxury cars in America and the Middle East in age to come is quite likely to be strongly influenced by the affinity factor. Simultaneously, Customer Relat ionship attention (CRM) may also positively influence the marketing strategies of the luxury cars

Based on the pic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Based on the pic - Essay Examplegenteuil is a riverside village along the banks of Seine and the late 18th century industrialization made it likely for the bourgeois to take the newly built railway trains and escape in the countryside. We can just nearly make the contours of few houses on the background and we cant see anything remotely industrial spoiling the repose of this landscape. This painting is done with bright and pure colours. It tries to bring out the fleeting effects of daylight and the perfect atmosphere of the river and surrounding boats.One can clearly observe the rippling surface of the floating river. The shimmering reprehension of idle boats some sailing, others moored evokes a sense of serenity and tranquillity. Captured on this painting is also the passing of quantify and changing seasons reflected by the yellow and light brown hue of the autumn leaves. This place is a sanctuary, absent from the modern world, caught in a time capsule, whispering union and unspoiled grace. The picture demonstrates a childlike lifestyle andThis pictures brings a feelings of nostalgia in me about the warm, summer days, walking along the river in London, picnics in the set or just small talks with friends, lying on the grass. I can sit, relax and vista at this painting and breath in the atmosphere of natural beauty. All my sensations are in harmony with the world around me. It is like a mediation technique when I look at his perfect place. This picture conveys a sense of blissful happiness, infinite pleasure and enjoyment of life.The painting transported me into one of Jane Austins novels where the slope countryside is marvellously depicted, with its rural, village life and simplicity. I believe Monet wanted to depict nature as it is, without to the full sketching the canvas. Because nature is perfect when you look at it, but when you try to copy perfection on a canvas, it eludes somehow. So instead of focusing on symmetrical forms, attempting to re-create nature, the artist has

In considering your personal, educational, and employment background, Essay

In considering your personal, educational, and employment background, in what ways do you hope or expect to contribute to the academic and master copy person community at USC Rossier - Essay ExampleI have also done a dole out of volunteer in community churches and schools. Evidently, this has instilled values of care and open-mindedness.My passion for education has made me traversed different professional and career paths. I have completed Bachelors Degree in Management as well as Masters Degrees in Science of Management and Elementary education. My main aspiration today is to acquire an EdD in Educational Change Leadership. With this, I hope to solidify my long learning goals in school administration. Additionally, I am looking forward to share the knowledge and educational background to play positively the professional community of USC Rossier.Finally, I have spent my employment background as an dewy-eyed teacher and school administrator. Most importantly, it has given me posi tive experience to be a better instruct in the education field. The most significant project I would like to work on is to support an innovative and visionary group of teachers with learning strategies, which are relevant to their individual needs. Additionally, I would like to flop train educators to create initiatives that will improve the quality of education. This will be done through cooperative engagements geared towards improving students

D22 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

D22 - test ExampleLearning is individual in a group setting. The Kids Choice Academy (KCA) provides the children with ample opportunities to tactics outdoors where there is sunlight and fresh air. Outdoor activities nurturing the physique of the children is no less important than the indoor(a) education and exercises of the mind, so there should be equal emphasis on both in an sample school for children. The classrooms are capacious, well-lit with natural sunlight, and have plenty of practical exercises and activities that are very interesting, engaging, and constructive for the children. At Bambini Creativi, there is enough space to dedicate particular portions to specific activities art studio, water exploration, and food investigation lab to name a few. Of the three institutions, Bambini Creativi is the best for children because it tends to provide children with insight into different sorts of professions at a very preliminary stage so that they start developing skills in the f ield of their interest dear from the start. The other two schools are also good but Bambini Creativi takes the

Clinical pharmacology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Clinical pharmacology - Essay Example2010).Antibiotics particularly co-trimoxazole, metronidazole, macrolides, fluroquinolones As far as sulpha drugs which cause enhanced effect of Warfarin resulting in bleeding, in the absence of proven mechanism of action, it has been hypothesized by clinicians that systematic administration of such antibiotics results in reduced achievement of Vitamin K caused by intestinal flora. Same mechanism of action applies to macrolides that include Azithromycin etc and quinolones such as ciprofloxacin (Medication Management Home).As for metronidazole, it interferes with metabolism of S enatiomer of Warfarin. As for, Rifampin, it induces hepatic enzymes thus increasing metabolism of Warfarin (Horton and Bushwick, 1999).Antidepressants both theoretical hypotheses about Warfarins possible interactions with antidepressants are that because Warfarin is protein bound, antidepressants which are also protein bound, their interaction can result in displacement of Warfarin from its binding sites as stated by Sansone and Sansone (2009). They at the same time point out the observation of Sayal et al (2000) that there is no clinical licence to that effect. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), are found to potentially inhibit Warfarin metabolism with their isoenzymes 2C9 and 1A2. However Sertraline and Citalopran are not likely to cause interaction. While Paroxetine has low-to-moderate risk, fluvoxamine and fluoxetine have the potential to effects of Warfarin. gingko biloba has properties capable of inhibiting platelet aggregation, if taken with Warfarin, it will enhance the toxic effects monamine oxidase inhibitors. However, Ginkgo on its own is capable of causing bleeding complications (Dharmananda). Dong qual increases the anticoagulant action of Warfarin. St Johns Wort induces P450 pathways resulting in lowering of INR. This increases the metabolism of Warfarin.

Winter the worst season of the year Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

over passtimetime the worst season of the category - Es secern ExampleI imagine cold weather, blizzards, and total lack of pleasant outdoor activities. Winter in revolutionary York can be really challenging with snow storms and severe weather conditions. non to mention that really often snow can block traffic, create havoc, and unconstipated cut dialogue utilities In this cases winter can be indeed the worse season of the year. For me, I can say that this is so, because I can not stay outdoors for a long time and do my rule-governed activities due to the incredibly cold atmospheric conditions. Then I find it extremely depressing to figure grey colors all around, occasionally some while spots of snow here and there. Finally, to take to the lower liven is the extreme weather which makes me worry near family and friends, who might be stuck and in squabble in unreachable places.Scientists always recommend prolonged outdoor activities, in order to keep ones consistence and spirit in good shape. There are numberless winter sports practiced in the open air, however, for me exposing my body to harsh temperatures and having numb limbs is not the ideal situation. Going to the gym is also acceptable, but thus you have to walk back home exposed to the cold wind, after you have taken a shower, so one can catch cold or flu. Winter can be very unexpected and bring unconditional weather, which can lock you at home for days. In such cases I become languid and my mood is down. I am not able to go outside and enjoy the terrific sunshine and fresh smell of grass. I once read an article about the cause of colors and how they can influence massess moods and emotions. Although, the white color - I may say the symbol of winter, speaks about purity, I associate it also with paleness and death. Besides the white, the predominant color of winter is grey. This leads to down spirits and lack to motivation either to work or to study. The greyness carries with it depress ion and uncomfortable emotions. That is why for me winter is the worst season.Finally, the extreme weather conditions that we witness in New York make me anxious about my family, relatives and friends, who in occasions might get stuck in snow-drifts and get into trouble. In such harsh weather intercourse systems are also cut down, and we can not connect with them at all. Consequently, people panic and look that the worst has happened. Winter is unpredictable with its severity and forces me to see that sometimes nature is bigger than human actions and activities and even though we have skyscrapers and telecommunications, austere weather conditions can ruin them.For me winter is the worst season of the year, because it shows how hellish nature can be. It can form blizzards and leave people in hazardous situations. They are unable to practice their outdoor activities and have all reasons to worry about their families in a cold winter day. The grey surrounding dominates the color nu ance and establishes a deep feeling of helplessness and anxiety. That is why winter is the worst season for me. Winter is also the worst season, because it causes many car accidents. Commuters who use the public run do not need to worry much. However, people who work in New York and drive from New Jersey can encounter dangerous, slippery roads during the winter. Although the government spends a lot of money to determine the proper highway maintenance during the winter, weather conditions can be so severe that they can clam up all efforts done.Another reason why I think that winter is the worst season is because people are exposed to halt. Applying moisturizing creams helps us a little when handling the cold, however, if the temperatures drop really below the freezing point, people can experience serious limbs infections

Sir Arthur Conan-Doyle Essay Example for Free

Sir Arthur Conan-Doyle EssayThis is a wonderful description, almost a photographic image for the contributor, a description leaving a instinct of, is this a man or a monster? This again adds to the already building tension for the subscriber, who continues to perform his or her own deductions. We see almost immediately how brilliantly perceptive Sherlock Holmes is when he vagrant the mud on the Ms Stoners coat and the train ticket in her hand. From this he deduces that she must urinate set off early, travelling in a Dogcart for some time before she got to the station. He picks up on clues through let on the theme, things that the everyday person would possibly miss.This again draws the reader in, they face enlightened and step up to study the news report more carefully wanting to be more like the ingenious Holmes. The story continues and Holmes and Watson visit the home of Ms Stoner and her stepfather. They inspect the chamber of the dead sister and Sherlock Holmes pi cks up on several odd effects that he relays to Watson. Firstly a fake bell pull, accordingly a ventilator which does not ventilate. A saucer of milk in the stepfathers room, becomes suspicious when they are certified Doctor Roylott keeps no cats.Several other little clues are spotted and you can almost feel Holmes mind working overtime. The reader will also pick up on the clues and again start to make their own deductions to Whodunnit? The tension starts to peak when Holmes decides to stay the night with Watson in Ms Stoner sisters bedroom. They front patiently in a near by inn till Holmes spots a sort out tale light, a sign for him to make his move. Crossing the lawn the tension is building and the author sprucely startles the reader by his introduction of the Baboon, a detail that Holmes has overlooked until then. When out from a clump of laurel bushes thither darted what seemed to be a hideous and distorted child, who threw itself on the grass with writhing limbs, and the n ran swiftly crosswise the lawn into the darkness. The fact that Doctor Roylott keeps these exotic animals is ultimately a very important clue. Once in the bedroom the tension is paramount as the two men sit and wait in the eerie darkness. once more the author startles the reader by the sudden fury of excitement when Holmes lights a match, blinding Watson and therefore the reader is momentarily struck by the unknown.Once Watson gains his vision he relays again the image of Holmes lashing out savagely,I could however, see that his face was filled with horror and loathing. What could be happening? The story ends with the conclusion, albeit a little abruptly, peradventure even a little unbelievable and somewhat corny for the modern day reader. We discover that it is a snake owned by Doctor Roylott that has been trained by its master to crawl in to the side by side(p) bedroom and ultimately kills the sleeping victim. Unfortunately for Doctor Roylott, Holmes foiled his plan by scari ng the creature, which in collectable course turned and killed its own master.This allows the reader to let out a great sigh of relief. The execration has been solved the tension has passed. The story albeit a little obvious and very basic, is also very cleverly create verbally. The author succeeds in initially drawing the reader in and keeping their attention throughout. The story would sacrifice been extremely exciting and ground breaking in its day. Exotic animal were unheard of. The account is scripted in very descriptive but extremely long sentences, which is another clue to its age.Time has interpreted it toll and we as modern readers have been spoiled by the cleverness of the modern day researcher novels. Therefore the ending is a little disappointing, no twists or red herrings except for the gypsies . But the story must be applauded, Conan-Doyle was one of the earliest authors of his kind to begin this clever technique of keeping his reader guessing throughout the book. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Conan Doyle section.

Economic conditions Essay Example for Free

Economic conditions EssayIn this judge Im going to argue that social, political, or economic conditions cannot alter the nature and meaning of contrivance, with p prowessicular(prenominal) reference to works of art from fancy and Rococo epochs. Evaluating a work of art is always a complicated task. Since the perception of art and beauty is highly subjective, its hard to think of universal criteria to pulse artistic qualities of a certain piece. However, there is a broad consensus among the critics that there are certain criteria they take to when judging an art work. Its possible to focus on four main criteria to judge an art work. First and foremost, the piece should be aesthetically pleasing, i. e. correspond to the all-common notion of beauty. It should be harmonious and evoking positive, elevated feelings. dapple there is a trend among some contemporary artists to make their pieces arouse indignation and disgust with a view to delivering a certain message or merely ast onishing the public, I strongly count that art and aesthetics are inherently linked.For instance, a typical example of baroque sculpture St. Theresa in Ecstasy of the church of Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome created by Bernini is perfect in its form, since it captures the beauty and harmony in concert with motion and energy. Same is true about Rococo sculpture looking at Amour menacant created by Etienne Maurice Falconet, its impossible not to prise the high degree of sophistication and perfection the statue of the little apotheosis embodies.The second amount Im going to use is quality of workmanship, i. e. the mastery of artists skills. Another criterion which is very important is the uniqueness of artists manner. Great artists stand out for the peculiarity of their individual style. Some of them choose to pioneer new forms and techniques, yet this is not a prerequisite for creating a style of your own. Many smart artists dont break away from the tradition but simply find their own box within the existing patterns of expression.While some artists of the Baroque and Rococo epoch were considered rebellious, e. g. Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, they didnt smash basic rules of harmonious and aesthetically pleasing artistic expression. Jean-Honore Fragonards manner was also innovative in many instances, sine he introduced a delicate interplay of light and shadow as well as implicit eroticism into mainstream French painting, however he adhered to the generally accepted notion of what beauty and art are.Finally, the forth criterion is the message the piece is trying to send. Here its necessary to take into discover the importance and relevance of the message as well as how successful the piece is in delivering it. Baroque and Rococo painters mainly focused on the depiction of mythological and religious scenes as well as the scenes from the daily life of the upper circles of society.While both themes that dominated the artistic discourse might reckon to be detached from the real life, they served an important goal of educating the public about mythological and religious narratives or captured the spirit of their times through the portrayal of the privileged members of society The most persuasive proof of the thesis that social, political, or economic conditions cannot alter the nature and meaning of art is the fact that nowadays we still admire great works of art irrespective of the epoch they belong to.

Chinese philosophy Essay Example for Free

Chinese philosophy EssayConfucius was born in 551-479 BC. His father died while Confucius was trine years old. He was raised in a poor single mother family, during a while of civil unrest in china. Confucius is thought to be the first teacher and the cardinal of most prestigious Chinese philosophers. After his death his teachings became the basis for Confucianism. Confucius believed that were natur onlyy good, but it needs to be learned. nation overhear to learn how to cultivate the good and throw out the bad. Anything that is worth learning is must(prenominal) be practiced. He thought very highly of education hence one of his sayings enrich them educate them.Confucius focussed on relationships, they were very important and every type of relationship should function a certain way. some(prenominal) people say the Confucius is very similar to Socrates. Two of the main concepts of jen and li are considered basis of Confucianism. Jen is what makes you human, the susceptibil ity to care, goodness, giving and man-to-man-ness. acting in this manor is highly revered in Confucianism considered human perfection. One must Have moral and ethical respect for human life, treat others with humanity and having self-esteem for ones self. He believes that jen can be learned.Everyone can be perfected and it needs to be learned. Jen is the foundation of all relationships and it applies to not just one race but to everyone. Li is a guide to human inter implement also the general guide to social order and in your life. Li plays the role of higher round of golf of natural law. For jen to exist society needs to have order. People need to be open with one another. Every action has an effect on someone else, there are limits to individuality. Confucius wanted to order the full(a) way of life, you shouldnt be left to guess because you dont know how to behave.Confucianism has had a coarse affect on East Asian society and thinking. mainland china used the Confucian philos ophy as the basis for governance for 300 years. Then in 1912 the government decided that the philosophy was the reason for why there country was being held back. There was a time when the Chinese government sought to nullify the philosophy by burning all of the books. Of course there attempt were futile. Confucianism also became the basis for government in Japan, Korea, Singapore, Vietnam, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan.While Confucianism had a huge affect in East Asia I was unable to key out anything about its affects on western culture. I like the idea of connectedness that Confucianism portrays. The idea that every action has an effect on some else is very true. I feel that in American society we have lost track of that, most of us are only out for ourselves because we are such an single society. Confucius puts emphasis on the family unit in fact more(prenominal) than half of his teachings about social relations pertain to families. I believe that a good family has a better cha nce at qualification better people.One possible negative is that In Confucianism there is a belief that relationships are more important than government law. Some people say that this can promote corruption and nepotism in the government. China has had these problems with their government. In Confucianisms defense Singapores is considered one the the least corrupt countries on earth. I guess every philosophy isnt perfect there are References China Confucianism Life of Confucius, Influences, Development. (n. d. ). China Travel Agency with 24/7 Tour Service TravelChinaGuide. Retrieved February 10, 2013, from http//www.travelchinaguide. com/intro/religion/confucianism/ Exploring Chinese annals Culture Philosophy Confucianism. (n. d. ). ibiblio The Publics Library and Digital Archive. Retrieved February 10, 2013, from http//www. ibiblio. org/chinesehistory/contents/02cul/c04s04. html The Eastern Philosophy Blog he Main Concepts of Confucianism. (n. d. ). The Eastern Philosophy Bl og. Retrieved February 10, 2013, from http//eastern-philosophy-and-meditation. blogspot. com/2009/01/he-main-concepts-of-confucianism. html APA formatting by BibMe. org. going to be a fewer things that people will disagree on.

Automated Record System of Barangay 38 a Thesis Proposal Essay Example for Free

Automated land System of Barangay 38 a thesis Proposal EssayBarangay P.N.P deepen is located in the pump of Davao City particularly situated in the center of San Pedro , Bolton , Rizal and Quimpo Boulevard Sts. Even in the older times it is the center of trade and religious activities. Barangay P.N.P Compound in the late 1940s used to be a swampy area with barely 20 houses ( more or less ) built from light materials was situated. Since our barangay is located burn up barangay bucana which is also very near the coastal areas most parts of our barangay is usually submerged in water caused by the changes in the sea level. According to the pioneer residents which is now our senior citizens , the area during Their times were mostly fishponds and crabs were all everywhere the place specially during High tide . except , as time passes by population bit by bit increase and fishponds Turned into houses and establishments . In the year 1978 , our first appointed Tenyente Del Barr io Mrs. Lourdes Espiritu was placed in the position tho during Mrs. Espiritus term their were still no kagawads . However due to wellness problems she Was replaced by barangay captain Angelita B. Maneja who was punctually appointed by the City Mayor that time , together with six (6) of her barangay .The first ever barangay election was held during the late 80s . In 1993 , under The administration of the late barangay chairwoman Paz Oracion , our barangay hall was constructed. Although do with wood and light materials it is still an Accomplishment that needs to be recognized up to the present times. In 1994, Barangay Captain Paz Oracion was re-elected with new set of barangay council. During the May 7,1993 barangay election barangay Chairman aspirants Robert Cepe and Paz Oracion both got the same number of votes . However , by means of toss coin which was done in front of the Barangay Hall Robert Cepe was declared as the new Barangay Captain .He serve for the position from May September 1997 . Paz Oracion Field a supplication in court and a recount was granted . It was found out that there were Two (2) ballots that were nullify . As a result Paz Oracion was declared as the Barangay . At present , we chip in already make may improvements and developments Within the barangay . We have estimated a total number of six hundred houses (600) And population have also increased . We are constantly thankful to the past and Present Barangay Officials , the constituents and all those local presidential term Units and Officials who have unendingly given their support , effort and dedication in the spirit Of public help which paved the way in making us one of the developed barangays In the heart of the City.Statement of the ProblemsThe study will seek to the following question How should the current system security problems be solved in order to provide a system which is proof against unauthorized person ? What is the deviation between manual record keeping an d automated record keeping .Objectives of the studyThis study conducted in surveyed for the purpose of city government serve a barangay . To know how the barangay was created. How it become a reservation of Filipino National Police or know as P.N.P compound.Significance of the studyThis signifies as basis of a barangay to ensure the people living in b Barangay the maintenance , peace in order , health and sanitation .Scope and limitation of the studyThe scope of the study will focus on the computerization of barangay P.N.P Compound . The barangay officials and staff of the said barangay will be the major respondents of the study , being the direct instance of the establishment. The proposed system will be created using Microsoft Visual Basic as the Front end and Database way System (DMS) as the Back end .Definition of termsThe following definitions are based on the conceptual and the operational definitions Conceptual Definitions Automated automatic the password , store and process Record a process where the entries are recorded into a storage device . System instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to Work as a coherent entityOperational Definitions Automated process all the data Record a process where information is permanently stored in a database . System a collection of related process that benefits from each other .

Jonathon Swift’s Concern for Ireland Essay Example for Free

Jonathon Swifts fretting for Ireland EssayIn the essay A Modest proposal Jonathon Swift shows an obvious concern for the conditions of Ireland at that time. He expresses this in a number of ways. Although his proposal may have then and of course in todays society have seemed completely out of the realm of realistic, he very effectively demonstrated how the proposal would have significantly benefited the overall economy of the country at that time.His concern was uttered first through an obvious concern for the women who were forced to beg for feed in order to lead their children, reciprocal ohmly he was concerned about the children growing up and being unable to provide for themselves, and deuce-ace he showed concern for the lack of sufficient food supply for the country. The proposal he presented was well panorama out and designed to solve all three of these problems. First, the proposal would help the women who were unable to care for their children, by providing them w ith some extra money.He figured how much it would cost to feed a new sister for the first year of life and subtracted that from the amount a woman could be paid for the child when she sell it. This amount would give her enough extra money to buy some food and even clothe for her remaining children. By selling the younger of her children, she is better off not only financially, but she has fewer children to worry about feeding and clothing. This makes her quality of life and that of her remaining children much better.Swifts second concern for the children, who grow up in poverty remaining in poverty, is easily solved by his proposal. In the proposal, the children would no longer be a drain on the economy and in item would actually contribute to the overall improvement of society. By being introduced to the food supply of the country, they would benefit a large number of people, which would prove to be a much better way of spending a life than growing up and resorting to begging or stealing in order to continue to survive. The third concern was for the lack of sufficient food supply for the people in the country.His proposal of selling the infants born(p) into poverty as food would greatly increase the amount of available food on the marketplace and thus make it possible for a larger number of people to be sufficiently nourished. In addition to increasing the amount of food available, by eating the poor peoples, or the majority of the populations children, the population would not grow as quickly and the increased need for food would be greatly lessened. Although most people would find this proposal to be dishonoring and completely unacceptable, it did hypothecate his concerns for the condition of the country and proposed a way to solve the problem.If people took the time to look past the shock value of the proposal, it get goings obvious that he was upset with the society and wanted to see change. He goes into great event on how this proposal would be good for the society and the economy. It would greatly reduce the number of people sustentation in poverty, reduce the amount of people begging on the streets and the crime rate, and help the poor women become more productive members of society. The children would not be forced to grow up and continue the poverty cycle, and the wealthy people in the country would have many more options available for the evening meals and entertaining guests.

Outdoor Essay Example for Free

Outdoor Essay1. What atomic number 18 some of the benefits of using outdoor musculus quadriceps femoris in beforehand(predicate) childhood? Using outdoor space in early childhood provide children with health, cognitive, and social benefits. wellness benefits It gives children the opportunity to exercise their large muscles group much more than when they are indoors, beca role they have more space to run, skip, climb, swing, and jump. Playing outdoor(a) excessively allow children to burn more calories than when they are inside. Cognitive benefits When children play outside they often will make up their own games, by doing this they are exercising their problem solution skills. When children make the rules for the games and practice using them with friends, they are developing organizational abilities, and leadership qualities. Their creativity is bring upd and their imaginations are nourished. Social benefits being outside promotes cooperative play which leads to the devel opment of social skills. When children wait to take turns turn playing a game, or when they work together with others to build something, these are ways children potbelly enhance their social abilities outdoors.2. show the role of the teacher in supporting outdoor space, including children with special inescapably. The teacher washstand be supportive by interacting with the children when they are outside, the teacher spate do this by talking with the children about(predicate) what and how they are going to play. The teacher nookie assist the children in different activities, for example hopping, skipping, and climbing, and the teacher can also make sure that the children are safe while playing outdoors. The teacher must also plan activities that encourage children with special needs to participate while outdoors, but he/she should not use the same activities when they are outdoors with the special needs children. Creating different activities will provide the children with s pecial needs the opportunity to use their bodies in freshly ways.3. What problems can there be with static playground equipment and their handed-down uses? Static playground equipment doesnt stimulate childrens physical, cognitive, or creative development. Children need to experience refreshful physical challenges static playground equipment wont allow the children to use the equipment in a new way because it doesnt change. Static playground equipment can make children feel limited in their play.4. Describe three ways teachers can use tralatitious equipment in creative ways. Then create iodin idea of your own for using traditional equipment in a creative way. Teachers can use traditional equipment to engage children in group activities, by doing this he/she can enhance the childrens social skills. The teacher can play a game like follow the leader he/she can bye around the swing, sheer, jungle gym, and sand box while playing the game. Teachers can use the monkey interdict to have the children pretend they are monkeys swinging and climbing their way through the jungle.While the children is doing the activity, the teacher can ask the children questions to challenge them, for example how fast can you climb through the jungle, or how far do you think you can swing, Teachers can create a obstacle course using the traditional equipment, teachers can challenge the children to crawl through tires, climb over the monkey bars, swing on a swing, or try to balance themselves steady while standing on the outside of the sand box. The children must do all these things while traveling through the obstacle course. An activity I would do with the children in my association while outdoors, that involves using traditional equipment, would be to have the children pretend that they was at a water park. I would have the children to slide down the slide on the playground pretending that they are about to slide down into a pool.

Pros and Cons of Cloud Computing Essay Example for Free

Pros and Cons of be debauch cipher EssayWith the unprecedented offshoot and spread of education, there is no wonder why heavy(p) In frameation Technology companies have been investing in the cloud. To expand, when referring to pervert calculation, this means to access and break in information not stored with in your data processor whether it be public, private, or hybrid cloud reckoning. In technological terms, the innkeeper you are accessing is somewhere else and thereof, the information and tools you are utilize are up in the clouds however to a greater extent so stored in another server space. However, whether you are gainful for operate through software, impart usage, or free usage (hence the types of cloud operate) Cloud Computing seems to be everywhere. Yet, it is important to recognize what is to pull in by using cloud reason from big businesses to individual users and what are some risky moves when utilizing cloud storage over the mesh. Hence, the content of this paper will discuss the pros and cons of cloud reckon and where cloud work out is headed in todays online society. DiscussionMoving forward, large companies use private cloud figure on the causa that it is out-of-the-way(prenominal) more affordable to store and run programs in a server space knowing for processing, saving and running information applications and so on. The biggest noticeable advantages in cloud computing have to be the ease of running programs with out installing any(prenominal) new applications (since the provider installs it for you in their cloud), and payment depends on membership, and which billing method you chose for example, monitored payment or a flat rate (Mitchell). However, there are competing companies such as Google Apps Marketplace, Windows Azure, Amazon Web Services, Success Factors, and so on, that make cloud computing affordable on different user levels. These levels range from individual interest to larger company interests. For example, a company whitethorn need thousands of gigabytes worth of storage while I may need a few gigabytes of storage. So when paying for space I will be able to only buy what I need. Additionally, using the cloud allows a user greater mobility since an individual with an account can access the cloud from any computing device (laptop, desktop, tablet, or phone) that has available Internet access. More importantly, its easier for multiple users to access the alike document and not overload the system and backs up data without someone having to worry about the location. Therefore, utilizing a third-party system server, Cloud Computing perks offer cheaper, reliable storage and retrieval of information.Figure 1 Although Cloud Computing sounds like a convenient service for businesses and users to take advantage of, there are downsides for paying or using cloud servers. Instances include, system shut downs for maintenance, access of data after canceling a membership, and more impor tantly privacy. Yet, a simple downside would be What if someone uploads data into the cloud server and suddenly loses Internet connection? The answer would be lost time and an incomplete data upload, not to mention the hassle of finding Internet connection again to access the clouds server only to adjudicate to upload the same work once more.On the other hand, looking back at the 2011 Google Docs incident, when an outage retard user interaction for an hour starting in the UK and then reached the US (McCaney). Many organizations and people couldnt access or exchange files via the cloud. So accidents happen, and although people lost out on time and information sharing, no files were reportedly lost. Even so, accidents including shutdown to outages, are rare natural occurrences, yet, inevitable for the current time. not only are there outages to worry for also, according to Hamad Subani, he asserts thatSince most of the major Cloud Computing servers are operated by companies based i n the United States, data you put on your Cloud is down to American law. Which is also true since authorities only need to file a subpoena to delineate the information, yet, once information is shared warrants are needed and such (Subani). Hence, privacy is compromised, but to an extent. If someone is winsome in illegal file transfers on a cloud server, it already violates the consumer to provider contract therefore a person is better off keeping their illegal activities to themselves. Other than that, cloud computing is relatively safe. Cloud Computing SimplifiedPros Cheap services, reliable, extra storage space, no worry about the server location Cons No privacy, and you must have internet access, maintenance. After going through the pros and cons of cloud computing, it is necessary to analyze where such services are headed in the near to distant future. According to Brian Donaghy, Market investigate Media says the cloud market will reach $270 jillion in 2012 and Gartner p redicts it will be over the $148 billion mark by 2014, much greater than Forresters forecast of over $118 billion for the same year.Without a doubt, cloud computing will continue to rake in the profits since increasing needs for IT services are inflating the clouds development. In perspective, social networks (like YouTube or Skype) outsource their work to cloud services to help store user data. More so, it seems as if digital life is linked to the storage systems of cloud servers.Think about it, with out a back up storage in the cloud, there wouldnt be a free YouTube, Tumbler, and blogging would essentially be news posts by big businesses. Cloud computing will continue to advance in ways that further accommodates all online users. About the only prejudice of this are those with out Internet connection, the people left out of the Internet community. However, for the time being, cloud computings growth in the United States and American websites using cloud resources, prove to be st eadying in the spreading of information from social to private perspectives of data usage.ConclusionHence, it is evident that cloud computing will be growing exponentially so long as the Information Technology welkin continues to be in high demand. Therefore it is up to the consumers individual needs to decide if cloud computing would help them keep tabs with their data usage online or if using their own memory on their computer is a better decision. On the other end, companies should use Cloud Computing servers as a cheaper form of Information Technology management. Especially since investing in a mainframe computer would be far more costly than having some other company do all the work for you for a little fee. Therefore, cloud computing will definitely be a primary factor in the growth and facilitation of online data usage and continue to revolutionize modern technology.BibliographyBauer, Eric and Randee Adams. The Reliability and Availability of Cloud Computing. Hoboken Wiley, 2012. Donaghy, Brian. Where is Cloud Computing Headed in 2013? 8 November 2012. 1 February 2013 http//www.wired.com/insights/2012/11/where-is-cloud-computing-headed-in-2013/. McCaney, Kevin. Google, Microsoft cloud crashes Is this the new normal? 12 September 2011. 15 February 2013 http//gcn.com/articles/2011/09/12/google-microsoft-cloud-outages.aspx. Mitchell, Bradley. What is Cloud Computing. 2013. 15 February 2013 http//compnetworking.about.com/od/internetaccessbestuses/f/cloud-computing.htm. Mururgesan, San. Cloud Computing The New Normal? January 2013. IEEE Xplore (digital library). 1 February 2013. Subani, Hamad. Ten Reasons Why Cloud Computing is a Bad Idea. 2 June 2009. 14 February 2013 http//www.techtangerine.com/2009/06/02/ten-reasons-why-cloud-computing-is-a-bad-idea/. Weinman, Joe. Cloudonomics the business grade of cloud computing. 4 September 2012. WorldCat (database engine). 1 February 2013.

Dutton, Donald G. Rethinking Domestic Violence. Essay Example for Free

Dutton, Donald G. Rethinking home(prenominal) Violence. EssayThis discussion gives us the history more or less assault on spo engages. Dutton dialogue of two major social phenomena that emerged in North Ameri wad and the Western countries in Europe. Long and tedious struggle of women take their rights get recognized. It goes further to state the measures and incidences of force come forth including theories concerning women assault. The cycle of violence and people who consume abusive personalities are stated even assault on men.Ideas in this book are authoritative for they t all(prenominal) about recognizing angiotensin-converting enzyme an other specially those who possess tearing personalities. It is good for the society for it indoctrinates peerless to harmonize adepts rights and difference between union duties and rights. It overly shows us that we crapper eliminate all betting odds in our society and set about to make each and every person feel that he or she be retentives to it fully without any intimidation or discrimination.Duttons ideas can be apply to help those who possess abusive personality by attending psychiatrists and avoiding any abusive behavior. It can be apply to educate spouses in a marriage so that they will cross future marriage problems. Also, in the contemporary globalized world, the ideas in this book can help us socialize and live together in intermission and harmony especially in the municipal setup. This book can help people who are hook up with to other cultures to harmonize or leave those cultures and then live with the acceptance and respect of each others rights.Weiss, Elaine. Surviving interior(prenominal) Violence Voices of Women Who Broke Free. Volcano Volcano Press, 2004. Print.In this book, Surviving domestic help Violence Voices of Women Who Broke Free, Weiss wrote about several stories of women who had been subjected to domestic help violence. She got these stories by interviewing and later writing them down. The book talks of what they went by means of and how they later managed to escape it. It gives reasons as to why such incidences were happening. After escape, the women took a very extensive time finally to recover the psychological and wounds they got cod to this violence. But to a fault, some were yet to recover fully for the ordeal they went through changed their lives negatively. Those who managed to deal with stress afterwards coming out say that they are stronger than ever.The unlike stories taught in this book are the true motives and effects of domestic related violence. They bring about what peerless goes through and how star feels while undergoing the violence. Also, it helps to escort what to do when such incidences happen. It also shows its effects and how they change ones life, t presentfore, targeting those who abuse their partners. This book is a very good example as it shows us that those who go already freed themselves from th e marital abuses can educate others like the youth and couples about domestic violence so that they refrain from them.The stories are very encouraging for they give people motivation to solve their problems and also how one can escape this. They can be used by those specialists in parental guidance and direction to help them shape their marriage when such incidences are reported to them and even before couples get married. The ideas in this book can modify those undergoing abuses to get out and look for a better marriage partner. unity only needs to accept that he or she is undergoing domestic violence and therefore if it can non solve one can boldly walk away and start life afresh. Marriage is not slavery, but its a path towards achieving your goals in life as one needs a partner who is willing to assist where possible so that they make all their dreams in life to happen.Abused Men The concealed Side of Domestic Violence Cook, Philip W. Abused Men The Hidden Side of Domestic Vi olence. Westport Praeger, 2009. Print.Phillip exposes how men goes through domestic violence silently. He talks of how real it is that men are going through domestic violence without the society suspecting. He brings several stories of men who have been undergoing through such violence from their wives for a long time. Then he goes further to give tips that can help one to find liberty from any form of abuse. He talks of resistance and acceptance for those who are abusing their spouses and how they come to realize that each and every person deserves respect. He also talks of new great approaches that can be used to reduce domestic violence. He then gives survey statistics of domestic violence in Canada and also how the family changes between the offenders to their victims.The story is reformative in realizing what some men undergo. It gives statistics of domestic violence that people are not ready to discuss. The society is helped to recognize men who are undergoing domestic abus es from their spouses. The statistics helps people to know how long they have been living with their friends undergoing abuses without even realizing it. It talks of acceptance that can help those who are yet to accept their spouse the way they are. It is helpful for it shows how much men can be subjected to torture with use of knockout tools. Such tools include knives, machetes and any other type of a life-threatening tool or auto so that one can force their partner to follow their commands.Philips ideas can be used to know the men who are undergoing abuses from their wives and enable us to help them come out of the problem. Also, it encourages courage especially those who are not courageous enough to come out and tell their ordeal to the society. This book can help men to free themselves away from any form of abuse and intimidation from their partners. This book is crucial as it can be used to tell the extent in which men undergo violence in real life situations. Men can also use this book to help them evade any other form of domestic violence against them and therefore reducing the number of men who poop out as a result of domestic violence.Howard, Louise, Louise Howard, Gene Feder, and Roxane Agnew-Davies. Domestic Violence and Mental Health. London RCPsych Publications, 2013. Print.This book has been written collectively by antithetical authors who specialize in domestic violence ideas. It is about prevalence and visible health impacts of domestic violence. It talks about types of abuses in marriage such as physical abuse, sexual abuse, psychological abuse and coercive hold and also it questions them and gives clues on their solution. It also tackles the effects of a persons psychology which is deeply affected even in the future that may not get them out of his mind. It stresses on the survival strategies to evade such abuses and also how one can control his or her mind to avoid damaging his or her psychology. In addition, it states the methods of i nterventions and responses people can take after or when you suspect any form of violence. Advice from professionals on domestic violence is also written down.This schoolbook has directives on what causes psychogenic problems after abuse. It also gives us ways on how to control ourselves and maintain a state of calmness so as not disturb our stressed mind. It educates us on different forms of domestic violence. Different qualified professionals wrote it, and each field is well represented. It is an important text for it has the advices on domestic violence from professionals.The story in this book can help us to evade mental problems due to domestic abuses. It can also be used by psychiatrists to know what causes a certain mental disorder, and they can use the ideas here to enable their clients who are undergoing this problem to get out of it. It can also be used to educate couples so that when they are not in good terms to try to their best solve the problem before it gets out of hand. The advices written in this book can also apply in the same way to advice people especially those undergoing domestic violence depending on the cause and the kind of violence.Kubany, Edward S, Mari A. McCaig, and Janet R. Laconsay. Healing the accidental injury of Domestic Violence A Workbook for Women. Oakland New promiseThe book, Healing the Trauma of Domestic Violence A Workbook for Women, is directed to those who have been freed from domestic violence and especially women. Due to violent domestic situations, one may develop post-traumatic stress disorders which are not easy to get out of ones mind and can negatively affect that person. It aims at giving programs known as cognitive trauma therapy which one undergoes to help him or her come back to normal. It gives the techniques one can use them to help himself or herself by identifying any form of trauma and distress. And by so doing it can enable one to deal with it to help control and change his or her life.This book is targeting those who have been affected by domestic violence so that they come back to normal for those who were traumatized. It is an educational tool for the society to understand the devastating effects of wife battering. Therefore, it makes us even to identify those who are going through post-traumatic stress. It contains technics, and procedures one can follow so that they make him deal any results brought by domestic violence. It is also helpful as it helps chase out any fears one has due to what they went through during that horrifying period of domestic violence.Psychiatrists can use this book to help traumatized people by helping them to come back to normal. The ideas here can help us even to identify those going through stress in their marriage so that they help before its too late. Parents who are not in good terms can use this book to read and understand what one may go through if such incidences happen. The techniques in this book about dealing with trauma after viole nce can be used by psychiatrists to help clients who underwent this ordeal. Therefore, they identify what the form of trauma is, and this can help them to accordingly better their lives. It can also be used individually as one can remember well what went wrong in that marriage and helped them better their lives.ReferencesCook, Philip W. Abused Men The Hidden Side of Domestic Violence. Westport Praeger,2009. Print.Dutton, Donald G. Rethinking Domestic Violence. Vancouver UBC Press,2006. Print.Howard, Louise, Louise Howard, Gene Feder, and Roxane Agnew-Davies. Domestic Violence and Mental Health. London RCPsych Publications,2013. Print.Kubany, Edward S, Mari A. McCaig, and Janet R. Laconsay. Healing the Trauma of Domestic Violence A Workbook for Women. Oakland New HarbingerWeiss, Elaine. Surviving Domestic Violence Voices of Women Who Broke Free. Volcano Volcano Press,2004. Print.Source document

Our Babies, Ourselves Essay Example for Free

Our Babies, Ourselves Essay dependency during infancy is unique amongst hominids compared to some other cosmoss. However, different cultures in the world differ on how they cater to this dependency. For example, the American culture is influenced by individualism, therefore they tend to rear their minorren in such a way that they impart grow up as an independent individual. On the other hand, Japanese are likely to be more affectionate in their child upbringing culture.And on both instances, babes who were reared up the American or Japanese way, their anticipated adult traits remain to be visible. As the article Our Babies, Ourselves suggests, the care given to an infant during his most dependent stage is reflected when the infant grows up and he develops his own sense of independence and survival skills. The lift up process, whether an individual is being given over adequate attention or being least assisted during infancy is reflected by his developed reflexes and skills in his grown up stage.For the Gusii child-rearing practices, infants were held closer to their parents compared to other cultures. Here, infants develop a closer bond to their mothers, and later on towards other children to develop their interpersonal skills better. Moreover, obscure from the physical and emotional aspects of development, neurological and genetic developments of infants are also being attributed to their rearing up practices.Thus, the uniqueness developed by an individual regarding his skills, competencies and survival instincts is defined by infant care that was rendered to him by his parents. However, the rearing up process is highly shaped and influenced by traditions within a culture, thus creating cross-cultural differences when it comes to child development across different nations and races.

Review Questions for Business Management Essay Example for Free

Review Questions for Business Management Essay1) What is election overallocation? Resource leveling is the confinement management function of resolving drop pick over-allocation. By definition over-allocation means that a election has been delegate more work than tin be accomplished in the available time as dictated by the resources calendar definition. In most scenarios, over-allocations can be remedied manually by extending projections or moving them to accommodate the resources availability2) What is resource leveling? When performing project planning activities, the manager leave attempt to schedule certain tasks simultaneously. When more resources such as machines or people ar indispensable than are available, or perhaps a specific person is needed in both tasks, the tasks depart have to be rescheduled concurrently or even sequentially to manage the constraint. Project planning resource leveling is the process of resolving these conflicts. It can also be use to balance the workload of original resources over the course of the projects, usually at the expense of one of the traditional triple constraints (time, cost, scope).3) Under what component part would you want to manually resolve conflicts? You can resolve resource conflicts or overallocations by using the resource-leveling attribute in Microsoft Office Project. Leveling works by splitting tasks or by adding delay to tasks until the resources that are assigned to those tasks are no longer overloaded. Because of these changes to the tasks, leveling can delay the finish date of near tasks and consequently also the projects finish date. When it is leveling, Project does not change who is assigned to each task4) What would be the caution of adding more resources to a task to resolve resource conflicts? As you assign resources to tasks, Project checks the resources calendar to make sure that the resource is working. However, Project doesnt assess whether the resource is already obligat ed when you assign the resource to a new task Project enables you to make the assignment. Be aware, though, that the excess assignment may lead to overallocating the resource. Overallocation occurs when you assign more work to a resource than the resource can accomplish in the time that youve allotted for the work to be completed.5) What would be the caution of rescheduling a task to resolve a resource conflict? To get the best performance and results from resources (resources The people, equipment, and material that are used to complete tasks in a project.), you must manage resource workloads to avoid overallocations (overallocation The result of assigning more tasks to a resource than the resource can accomplish in the working time available.) and underallocations (underallocation Assigning a resource to work fewer hours than the resource has available.).If you change resource assignments (assignment A specific resource that is assigned to a particular task.), check the effects of your changes on the overall schedule (schedule The timing and sequence of tasks deep down a project. A schedule consists mainly of tasks, task dependencies, durations, constraints, and time-oriented project information.) to make sure that the results meet your project goals.

Air Lift Fermenter

Air Lift FermenterSummary Fermentation is a ferment involve microbial cells to breakdown or catabolise the organic compounds into smaller molecules. Fermentation is performed down the stairs aerobic or anaerobic conditions. The end harvest-festivals of zymosis be our daily products such(prenominal) as alcohol, vitamins, enzymes rennets, antibiotics such as penicillin and lactic acid. In the fermentation bring, it is very crucial to maintain optimum potpourri and aeration in the reaction. Optimum mixing is to ensure best amount of products conversion as well as to avert wastage of bio troop and substratum. Whereas, aeration is the atomic number 8 transit rate, also the rate-limiting step in the aerobic bioprocess which is very crucial in design, work and scale-up of bioreactors. Mixing and aeration in the fermenter is carried bulge by air-lift or automatic agitators. Air-lift fermenter uses air injected from the infiltrate of its draft-tube, while mechanically skillf ul type uses ride driven shaft agitator. Both of the air-lift and mechanical agitator are differ in mixing, aeration, biological dexterity, energy consumption, operation and formula, employment and woo. Different types of fermentation biomass and substrates characteristic is the factor to determine types of air-lift or mechanical agitators to be used. Introduction Advances of biotechnology today has been making use of microbiology in different perceptions of the subjective processes to pee-pee our daily products such as cheese, antibiotics, alcohols, biofuel, hormones, microbial enzymes such as rennets and vitamins. The process employed to produce these products is known as fermentation, in which catabolism of organic compound take place. The breakdown of the organic compounds is performed by microorganisms under aerobic and anaerobic conditions to yield end-products that are our daily products as mentioned (Fermentation, Chapter 1 2009). In the process of fermentation, the m icrobial cells obtain energy through glycolysis to break down the complex organic compounds to simpler molecules. Usually, the by product of the process is excreted by the cell in the form of acetone, lactic acid and alcohol.In the history of fermentation, in year 1680 Antony van Leeuwenhoek was the first biologist dish antennaover the process through fermenting beer under placard with microscope (Fermentation, Chapter 1 2009). Later, in the 19th century, Louise Pasteur discovered and understood the process of fermenting alcohol by employ yeast to convert sugar to alcohol and carbon dioxides(Fermentation, Chapter 1 2009). Besides, in 1929 Alexander Fleming discovered the action of antibiotics Penicillin to fight against bacteria infection (Fermentation, Chapter 1 2009). Since then, confused antibiotics are produced by fermentation development various bacteria and fungi.There are several factors to be taken into accounts as designing the fermenters such as scale-up issues, ferm enter types, impeller types, immobilised remainss, peripheral equipment and fermenter measurements. Impeller plays a vital role in mixing during fermentation because it maintains optimum substrate and biomass soaking up in the fermenter throughout the whole process. It also keeps the solids suspended, disperse atomic number 8 to keep maximum total tattle pop area and entrap air bubbles to avoid the air escape before all the atomic number 8 is dissolved (Freitas C. et al. 2000). Fundamentally, there are 2 apparatus used for mixing which are the mechanical agitators and the air-lift fermenters. Air-lift fermenters are sometimes known as the bubble column, can be divided into free rise, draft tube, propeller-assisted and manage silver jet-assisted.Air-lift fermenterAir-lift fermenter is an efficient contactor for the reactions involved gases, liquids and solids. There are cardinal types of air-lift fermenters which are the internal loop and the out-of-door loop. The internal loop has a draft tube in its inner tube, in which the up-flowing gasses liquid and the down-flowing liquid is separated by the draft tube. Draft tubes are used in some processes to promote break up mass transfer, mixing and inducing circulatory motion to crop bubble coalescence. The external loop has two streams flow in two separate pipes connected at top and bottom. In this way, the air-lift fermenters improve the circulation and oxygen transfer and equalize shear forces in the reactor. Both of the internal and external loop air-lift fermenters have been investigated to the hydrodynamic behaviour and other design factors (Fermentation, Chapter 1 2009). The figure below shows the complex body part of an air-lift bioreactor with an internal loop.Unlike the mechanical agitation system, air-lift fermenters do non have labor, shaft and impeller blades. As such, the compartmentalisation inside the fermenters is agitated by injecting air from the bottom of the tube. Sterile atmosphe ric air is injected into the fermenters if the microorganism is aerobic, while for the anaerobic microorganism is cater with inert gas (Fermentation, Chapter 1 2009). Mixing in air-lift fermenters is very gentle hence it is suitable for upsurge culture of shear sensitive cells and tissues such as the mammalian and plant cells (European patent finishing 2009). Likewise, in amply spirits shearing stress causes damage to cells could be avoided. Batch culture of plant and animal cells can be cost intensive. However, in cases where the demand for the plant or animals culture products is low and batch cycles are long, the high roof cost can exclude the economical production (European patent operation 2009). One of the application of air-lift fermenters is the large scale production of monoclonal antibodies (Fermentation, Chapter 1 2009).Mechanical AgitatorsStirred tank fermenters are just about commonly used in fermentation. It is a cylindrical vessel with an agitator driven by l ocomote to stir the mixture contents in the tank. There two types of agitator used which are the top-entry stirrer and the bottom entry stirrer. The top entry stirrer is to a greater extent(prenominal) than commonly used because the operation is easier to manage, more(prenominal) reliable and robust, whereas the bottom entry model is rarely to be used. The bench scale fermenters are ordinarily made of borosilicate glass with a stainless steel lid. In the laboratory, top-entry stirrer is used, which consist of a motor attached to the shaft and together with impellers (Bloch H.P. and Soares C. 2007). The criterias of manufacturing the fermenters are the high grade of stainless steel, a well-polished internal surface to prevent adhesion of contents to the fermenters walls, and contain smooth joints and free of pin holes to avoid de-mixing. The typical saturation of the fermenter used in the laboratory is drift from 1 to 100 litres (Bloch H.P. and Soares C. 2007). The figure below is the basic structure of a stirred tank fermenter.There are several categories of mechanical mixing equipment, the types of mechanical drivers hire to accommodate speed, shaft and male monarch the kinds of impellers used for specific process, the needs to seal the tanks to against high pressure caused by the processes and stabilization of the impellers devices and the steady bearings in the tank (Bloch H.P. and Soares C. 2007).The main purpose of the mechanical agitator is to provide homogenised mixing, provide aeration and removal of waste gaseous such as carbon dioxide produced during the fermentation process. Usually, the agitator is consisted of motor driven shaft with impellers of 4 to 6 blades. Several types of impellers are more commonly used which are Rushton blade or disc turbine, open turbine impellers and naval impellers. Among the three, Rushton turbine is most commonly used because its design is more simple, easy operation methods and its robustness (Fermentation, Chapter 1 2009). Figure 3 and 4 illustrate the structure of Ruston turbine and oceanic impeller.However, mixing in the fermenter is poor and energy intensive as scaling up the process. The problem caused allow for affect the concentration, reaction rate and heat removal. Therefore, baffles will be used in the fermentation process to prevent energy waste in bulk circulation and to introduce liquid slurry turbulence in show to ensure better mixing, better suspension of solids and better retention of air bubbles. The baffles are fixed on the wall of the fermenters. Both of the action of agitators and baffle produce axial and radial flow patterns in the mixing contents and prevent formation of vortex (Fermentation, Chapter 1 2009).This article is not included in your organizations subscription. However, you whitethorn be able to access this article under your organizations agreement with Elsevier.Compare and personal credit line the relative merits of air-lift and mechanical agitat orAir-lift and mechanical agitator are widely employed in chemical and bioprocessing reaction as the efficient machine for mass and heat transfer. Both of the fermenters are applied in different types of mixture nature. For instance, air-lift fermenter has gentle agitation and low cost oxygen transfer, hence it is only suitable for less viscid liquid. Whereas, mechanical agitator fermenter perform poorly in highly steamy non-Newtonian media, not aerated at high rate and has relatively poor mixing pattern as compare to the air-lift fermenter. However, the mechanical fermenter has broader range of application as compared to the air-lift fermenter (Abashar M. E. E. 2002).Biological efficiencyIn name of biological efficiency, the mechanical type of fermenter is more efficient as compare to the air-lift fermenter. However, due to the simplicity operation of air-lift fermenter, it is useful in the laboratory belief and research. In a laboratory experiment, air-lift fermenter has boom ingly produce antibiotics, enzymes, microbial cells and vitamins for microbial analysis (AIR-LIFT science lab FERMENTOR 2009). appendage and constructionThe operation of the air-lift fermenter is much simple and easier than the mechanical agitator fermenter. This is illustrated by the control of temperature in the air-lift fermenter, in which the temperature is readily controlled in an incubator or by attaching a heating tape externally to alter to higher temperature. The construction of air-lift fermenter also more simpler as compared to the mechanical agitator fermenter, as such air-lift fermenter is applicable to continuous and semicontinuous fermentation. The effect of various gas mixture on microbial growth can be readily studied by the air-lift fermenter because the propagation of obligate thermophilic bacteria at 55 C has been successful (AIR-LIFT LABORATORY FERMENTOR 2009).Mixing and aerationIn comparison of mixing in highly honied non-Newtonian media, the conventional me chanical agitator performs relatively poorer than the air-lift fermenter. Also, conventional agitator has lower aeration rate due to its impeller flooding. Chisti Y. Jauregui-Haza U.J. (2002) had find out a better solution to overcome the limitation by creating mechanically stirred hybrid airlift bioreactor. This hybrid airlift bioreactor had one or more downward pumping axial flow impeller located at the bottom of the reactor. It able to overcome the limitation of both the mechanical and airlift reactor by providing confined annular zone with better aeration system. It also manages to improve the directional and fluid circulation for the suspending solids and minimize concentration gradients mingled with nutrients and oxygen to the substrate (Chisti Y. Jauregui-Haza U.J. 2002).In the other case, mechanical agitator, the marine propeller is installed at the bottom of the draft-tube, to carry out a fermentation of highly viscous non-Newtonian media with Saccharopolyspora erythra ea broth. The burdens show that the yield of antibiotic erythromycin was increased by 45% compared to the air-lift configuration or conventional mechanical agitator fermenter alone. In another study, highly viscous broth of mircrofungus N. sitophila was fermented in the airlift fermenter with low-shear axial flow impeller. The end entrust obtained from hybrid reactor shown that it is more effective as compared to the conventional Rushton turbine-stirred fermenter (Chisti Y. Jauregui-Haza U.J. 2002). In short, installation of mechanical agitator such as marine propeller or impeller in the draft-tube of air-lift fermenter can significantly improve the fluid circulation and hence increase viscous aerobic fermentation.Energy consumptionEnergy consumption of an operation system is the major constitute of the capital cost in one production. Generally, the energy consumption of air-lift fermenter is relatively lower than the mechanical agitator fermenter. In a production of a single cel l protein, a low pressure air-lift fermenter was designed to reduce the energy usage. The fermenter broth was kept below 120cm in depth and air is injected to supply the oxygen, also to unruffled and agitate the broth. In this way, the low pressure air-lift fermenter reduces the energy consumption by producing 1 kWh/kg of protein, which could alleviate 70% of energy as compared to mechanical agitator. Hence, it eliminates the investment of mechanical agitators, air compressors and heat exchangers (Chen N. Y., Kondis E. F., Srinivasan S. 1986).In contrast to mechanical agitator fermenter, air-lift fermenter has higher efficiency in mass transfer at the same great power input. This is because air-lift fermenter is not using mechanical agitation, which in turn makes mass transfer perform faster (Chen N. Y., Kondis E. F., Srinivasan S. 1986). The application prove mechanical agitator has lower mass transfer is the performance of Rushton turbine impeller which involve high cells den sities to digest oxygen transfer rate and also the highly viscous broth cause turbulence and result in the poor mass transfer. However, air-lift fermenter with the draft tube manages to give better mixing and fluid circulation result in better mass transfer efficiency (Boodhoo K. 2006).An example of mechanical agitator, submerged agitating system is used in gas-liquid mixture. The mechanically rotational agitator is used to intensify the turbulent mixture between gas and liquid. In this system, pressurized gas is injected through the spargers to the agitating area, in the form of bigger bubbles which then dispirited into smaller bubbles by the mechanical agitators mixing power. However, the efficiency of the power consumption is generally greater in the mechanical agitator. Nonetheless, mechanical agitator also increase the residence time of the bubble and caused efficient gas-liquid mass transfer. However, the relative complication of the mechanical agitator has counterbalance th e energy efficiency. Mechanical system complications includes driving motors, power train reducers, submerged agitators, long shaft and the expensive gas compression system (Chen N. Y., Kondis E. F., Srinivasan S. 1986).CostCapital cost is the main factor to be considered in the industrial fermentation process. Fermenter cooling, mass transport between nutrients and microorganism and oxygen transfer are the main factors in affecting the design of the fermenter. The high demand of substrate to the oxygen amount increase the energy cost and caused significant increase in the production cost. ascribable to the simplicity operation in air-lift fermenter, it is generally lower in cost than the mechanical agitator fermenter (AIR-LIFT LABORATORY FERMENTOR 2009). This is because mechanical system involves extensive pipe lines, diffusers, distribution manifolds, expensive compressor and filtration system. As a result, it caused high power cost and capital costs. Moreover, the frequent plu gging of the diffusers make the maintenance for the mechanical system is very troublesome curiously in the reaction involve solids such as aerobic wastewater treatment and industrial fermentation (AIR-LIFT LABORATORY FERMENTOR 2009).ConclusionBoth of the air-lift fermenter and mechanical agitator is used in the fermenter tube to aid in mixing and aeration. Mixing is very important to ensure optimum homogenous mixture of substrate and biomass throughout the entire process. Air-lift fermenter is suitable to plant and mammalian cells fermentation due to its low shear rate, protect cells from damage. The application of air-lift fermentation is the production of monoclonal antibodies. Whereas, mechanical agitator is more vigorous compare to air-lift fermenter, hence it is not suitable for fermentation involve plant and animal cells. The examples of the mechanical agitators are Rushton blade or disc turbine, open turbine impellers and marine impellers. In the above, comparisons was made between both of the air-lift and mechanical agitator in terms of biological efficiency, operation and construction, mixing and aeration, energy consumption and cost. Mechanical agitator has better biological efficiency than the air-lift fermenter, but air-lift fermenter has better mass transfer rate at the same power input. The operation and construction of air-lift fermenter is less complex than mechanical agitator. Likewise, energy consumption is relatively lower in air-lift fermenter. Nonetheless, both of the fermenters agitator types have its pros and cons. Choice of fermenter types is depend on the fermenter substrates and biomass biological nature.References Abashar M. E. E. (2002) Influence of Hydrodynamic Flow Regimes on the soothsaying of Gas Hold-up and Liquid Circulationin Airlift Reactors. Journal of King Saud University 16 (2) 97-111.AIR-LIFT LABORATORY FERMENTOR (2009) Online Available from http//aem.asm.org/cgi/reprint/4/1/31.pdf Acccessed 21st Dec 2009Bloch H.P. a nd Soares C. (2007) Mixers and Agitators. Process Plant Machinery 2nd edition. Page 617-631.Boodhoo K. (2006) Intensification of gas-liquid mass transfer using porous impellers for application to an E.coli batch fermentation process. Chen N. Y., Kondis E. F., Srinivasan S. (1986) Low-Pressure Airlift Fermenter for Single Cell Protein drudgery I. Design and Oxygen Transfer Studies. Online Available from http//people.clarkson.edu/class/ch465/Airlift%20fermenter%201986.pdf Acccessed 21st Dec 2009Chisti Y. Jauregui-Haza U.J. (2002) Oxygen transfer and mixing in mechanically agitated airlift bioreactors. Journal of biochemical engineering 10 (2) 143-153.European patent application (2009) Online Available from http//www.freepatentsonline.com/EP0343885.pdf Acccessed 21st Dec 2009Fermentation, Chapter 1 (2009) Online Available from http//www.coe.uga.edu/ttie/documents/biotech.pdf Acccessed 21st Dec 2009Freitas C., Fialov M., Zahradnik J. Teixeira J. A. (2000) hydrokinetics of a three -phase external-loop airlift bioreactor. Journal of Chemical Engineering Science 55 (21) 4961-4972.